多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载作用下路基振动响应研究          下载免费PDF全文

董连成  徐禛  师黎静  胡新福  高德领 《地震工程学报》2018,40(6):1153-1160

针对多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载振动作用下的动稳定性,通过对北麓河和二道沟三个典型铁路路基横断面振动响应的二分量加速度观测,对比分析客运列车和货运列车引起的路基振动特性和衰减规律,研究不同防护形式路基的列车振动响应。结果表明,路基上的振动作用主要集中在40～80Hz频率范围内;防护形式对路基的列车动力响应有明显影响,热棒加碎石路基动力响应最小,其次为碎石防护路基,未采取任何防护的路基铁轨上的动力响应最大,建议对未采取防护的路基进行防护。分析结论为青藏铁路列车作用下的路基动稳定性评估提供实测依据,对多年冻土区的路基稳定性研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Analysis of nonstationarity in low flow in the Loess Plateau of China          下载免费PDF全文

Kun‐xia Yu  Lars Gottschalk  Xiang Zhang  Peng Li  Zhanbin Li  Lihua Xiong  Qian Sun 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1844-1857

An approach for nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis is developed and demonstrated on a dataset from the rivers on the Loess Plateau of China. Nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis has drawn significant attention in recent years by establishing relationships between low‐flow series and explanatory variables series, but few studies have tested whether the time‐varying moments of low flow can be fully described by the time‐varying moments of the explanatory variables. In this research, the low‐flow distributions are analytically derived from the 2 basic explanatory variables—the recession duration and the recession coefficient—with the assumption that the recession duration and recession coefficient variables follow exponential and gamma distributions, respectively; the derived low‐flow distributions are applied to test whether the time‐varying moments of explanatory variables can explain the nonstationarities found in the low‐flow variable. The effects of ecosystem construction measures, that is, check dam, terrace, forest, and grassland, on the recession duration and recession coefficient are further discussed. Daily flow series from 11 hydrological stations from the Loess Plateau are used and processed with a moving average technique. Low‐flow data are extracted following the pit under threshold approach. Six of the 11 low‐flow series show significant nonstationarities at the 5% significance level, and the trend curves of the moments of low flow are in close agreement with the curves estimated from the derived distribution with time‐dependent moments of the recession duration and time‐constant moments of the recession coefficient. It is indicated that the nonstationarity in the low‐flow distribution results from the nonstationarity in the recession duration in all 6 cases, and the increase in the recession duration is resulted from large‐scale ecosystem constructions rather than climate change. The large‐scale ecosystem constructions are found to have more influence on the decrease in streamflow than on the increase in watershed storage, thus resulting in the reduction of low flow. A high return period for the initial fixed design value decreases dramatically with an increasing recession duration.  相似文献   

Event-based classification for global study of river flood generating processes     

Lina Stein  Francesca Pianosi  Ross Woods 《水文研究》2020,34(7):1514-1529

Better understanding of which processes generate floods in a catchment can improve flood frequency analysis and potentially climate change impacts assessment. However, current flood classification methods are either not transferable across locations or do not provide event-based information. We therefore developed a location-independent, event-based flood classification methodology that is applicable in different climates and returns a classification of all flood events, including extreme ones. We use precipitation time series and very simply modelled soil moisture and snowmelt as inputs for a decision tree. A total of 113,635 events in 4155 catchments worldwide were classified into one of five hydro-climatological flood generating processes: short rain, long rain, excess rainfall, snowmelt and a combination of rain and snow. The new classification was tested for its robustness and evaluated with available information; these two tests are often lacking in current flood classification approaches. According to the evaluation, the classification is mostly successful and indicates excess rainfall as the most common dominant process. However, the dominant process is not very informative in most catchments, as there is a high at-site variability in flood generating processes. This is particularly relevant for the estimation of extreme floods which diverge from their usual flood generation pattern, especially in the United Kingdom, Northern France, Southeastern United States, and India.  相似文献   

基于类柔度差曲率和频率摄动的结构损伤识别          下载免费PDF全文

何容  谭亚可  郭琪璇  何伟 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):825-832

为提高梁式结构损伤诊断的效率,提出一种基于类柔度差曲率和频率摄动的结构损伤识别方法。首先根据结构振动理论,研究广义柔度矩阵计算公式;再利用模态柔度对结构损伤灵敏性高的优点,改进基于柔度差曲率的损伤定位指标,定义类柔度差曲率LCFC损伤指标,并初步识别损伤;最后基于矩阵摄动进行结构损伤识别结果确认。考虑多种损伤工况,对一简支梁结构进行损伤识别数值模拟验证。结果表明:仅使用一阶模态,建立的类柔度差曲率LCFC指标对梁式结构损伤定位具有良好的诊断效果,且计算工作量小;对于含边界损伤单元的多损伤工况,当损伤程度大于10%时,LCFC指标识别有效;当损伤程度不大于25%时,各工况二阶摄动识别结果精度较高,相对误差较一阶摄动结果明显降低,证明了该方法的实用性、有效性和精确性。  相似文献   

BDS-3多频点伪距单点定位性能研究     

张乾坤  刘小生  何琦敏 《测绘通报》2020,(1):71-75

针对目前有关北斗三号系统伪距单点定位研究较少，未对三号系统多个频点的定位性能进行对比分析的现状，本文利用实测数据对三号系统多个频点的定位性能进行了研究，并联合BDS-2、Galileo进行了同频伪距单点定位试验，统计分析了组合定位多个频点的同频定位结果。试验结果表明：目前三号系统单独定位能力有限，不适合单独定位；BDS-3/Galileo同频组合定位可以弥补BDS-3新频点单频定位时卫星个数不足、数据不完整导致的定位精度过差的情况，同时能够提高Galileo的定位精度；BDS-2/3的B3I频点与BDS/Galileo组合的B2b频点的定位精度均与GPS的L1频点的定位精度相当。  相似文献   

基于频率匹配法的中国降水多模式预报订正研究          下载免费PDF全文

智协飞  吕游 《大气科学学报》2019,42(6):814-823

基于TIGGE资料中欧洲中期天气预报中心、日本气象厅、美国国家环境预报中心及英国气象局1～7 d日降水量预报以及中国自动站观测资料与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水量网格数据集,利用频率匹配法(Frequency-Matching Method,FMM)对中国降水预报进行客观订正。首先利用卡尔曼滤波方法对降水频率进行调整,并根据不同区域降水强度差异将全国分为7个子区域分别进行频率匹配。结果表明,FMM可以有效减小降水量预报的误差。经过频率匹配法订正后各模式降水预报的平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)大幅减小,且订正后各量级降水的雨区面积更加接近实际观测值。FMM对小于5 mm和大于15 mm的降水预报技巧改进明显。此外,FMM降低了模式预报的小雨空报率和大雨漏报率,并且明显提高了晴雨预报的准确率。FMM明显消除了大范围小雨空报区域,但是对强降水预报FMM仅能调整降水量大小,强降水落区预报并不能得到明显改善。  相似文献   

全国七大流域水文设计成果修订中若干关键技术问题探讨          下载免费PDF全文

翟媛  刘伟  赵学民 《水文》2018,38(4):92-96

为准确反映目前流域径流、洪水的实际情况,水利部组织完成了七大流域的水文设计成果修订工作。介绍了七大流域水文设计成果修订概况,总结分析了径流和洪水系列一致性处理、设计水文成果计算方法、成果合理性分析、修订成果应用等若干关键问题。重点阐述了洪水和径流系列的还原计算和考虑下垫面变化条件下的一致性修订问题,并对下一步修订成果的应用和研究重点提出了建议。  相似文献   

基于水位波动关联度的济南西部与济南泉群地下水关系研究          下载免费PDF全文

张郑贤  王维平  相华  盖燕如  李凤丽 《水文》2018,38(6):31-36

济南市以"泉城"闻名,近年来城市化进程的加快及地下水开采量的增大,对济南市区泉群喷涌产生了一定程度的影响。对2014～2017年济南西部玉符河下游的杜家庙、南八里、朱家庄等地及市区泉群的趵突泉、黑虎泉的岩溶水位波动规律进行分析,在地下水位波动幅度计算的基础上,利用灰色关联分析方法,从一个新的评价指标"水位波动关联度"的角度探寻济西与济南市区泉群地下水间的联系,为济南市保泉供水提供探索依据。以15d为地下水位均值计算周期,先计算全年的水位波动关联度,再将关联度的计算结果划分为:4～7月、8～11月和12月至次年3月三个时段,分别分析济西各岩溶井水位与泉水位的波动关联度。结果表明,12月至次年3月关联度的计算结果受外界干扰最小,这一时段济西与市区泉群水位波动关联度的均值为0.854,属高关联度,两者地下水位变化规律极其相似,两个地下水系统在统计学上存在着极强的联系。  相似文献   

岩溶塌陷灾害的岩溶地下水气压力监测技术及应用   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

蒋小珍  雷明堂 《中国岩溶》2018,37(5):786-791

文章系统、全面地介绍了岩溶地下水气压力监测技术及其应用成果。该技术在监测成孔、孔口的密封及监测频率等方面创新性地提出了相关的工艺方法,能真实、及时且充分地反映出岩溶管道裂隙系统中的地下水气压力变化特点,可为岩溶塌陷的机理研究、监测和预警提供科学依据。岩溶地下水气压力监测技术工艺简单、操作方便、成本低廉,经过20多年的改进,已成功应用于全国11个典型岩溶塌陷区,服务于高铁、水源地、油气管线、市政建设等潜在岩溶塌陷风险性评价、安全降深、监测预警等方面,取得了很好的效果。   相似文献   

A Study of the Extended-range Forecast for the Low Frequency Temperature and High Temperature Weather over the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley in Summer     

Qiuming Yang 《地球科学进展》2018,33(4):385-395

Based on the observational data, the variations of Intraseasonal Oscillation (ISO) of the daily temperatures and its relationships to the high temperature in summer over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) were studied for the period of 1979-2011. It is found that the daily temperatures over LYRV in May-August was mainly of periodic oscillations of 1525, 3060 and 6070 days, and the interannual variation of the intensity of its 3060-day oscillation had a strongly positive correlation with the number of days with daily highest temperature over 35 ℃ in July-August. Low frequency components of daily temperature in the LYRV, and the principal components of the Eastern Asian 850 hPa low frequency temperature, over a time period ranging from 1979 to 2000, were used to establish the Extended Complex Autoregressive model (ECAR) on an extended-range forecast of the 3060-day low frequency temperature over the LYRV. A 11-year independent real-time extended-range forecast was conducted on the extended-range forecast of low frequency component of the temperature over the LYRV in May-August, for the period ranging from 2001 to 2011. These experimental results show that this ECAR model, which is based on a data-driven model, has a good forecast skill at the lead time of approximately 23 days, with a forecast ability superior to the traditional autoregressive (AR) model. Hence, the development and variation of the leading 3060-day modes for the Eastern Asian 850 hPa low frequency temperatures and temporal evolutions of their relationships to low frequency components of the temperature over the LYRV in summer are very helpful in predicting the persistent high temperature over the LYRV at a 20 to 25 days lead.  相似文献